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Disrupting the (Hetero)normative: Coming-Out in the Workplace in Lithuania
The question surrounding discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation at the workplace is a new theme in Lithuanian social and political discourse on equal opportunities in working life. It is mostly discussed as a gendered or, sometimes, ageist issue, while a more elaborated intersectional approach towards the discrimination of homosexual people is clearly lacking. There is a lack of information on what the issues actually are and contextualized research into the experiences of silence and coming out, and how these experiences impact identity and relationship with others at work.
This study is based on thirty-eight in-depth interviews of LGBT people in Lithuania, carried out within the framework of the project “Open and Safe at Work”, supported by the European Union and the Lithuanian Government (EQUAL Initiative). The analysis below aims to explore how people of “non-traditional sexual orientation” construct their sexual identity at work and what their personal experiences of survival are in heteronormative working environments. Furthermore, we analyze how non-heterosexual identities are reflected in their choices whether to come out (i.e. openly revealing their lesbian or gay identifications) or to stay in the closet (i.e. not to come out and hiding their sexual identities). The major complication in carrying out research into sexual minorities in organizations is related to the question of how to gather data when silence surrounds them.
LGBT people and their problems are very much under-researched in Lithuania, because silence prevails and it is very difficult to get people to talk about the subject. We have strived to include the experiences of both people who are openly gay and those who keep the fact secret, as well as homosexuals of different genders, age groups (21-55) and from different geographical locations (Vilnius, Kaunas, Druskininkai and Điauliai). The informants were selected by applying the “snowball method”. Some of our informants agreed to be interviewed themselves after reading our advertisements on the internet. The general profile of participants can be summarized as follows: twenty-five gay men, ten lesbian women, two bisexual men and one transgender person. Eight gay men and four lesbians work in career-oriented “masculine professions” (as ICT expert, engineers, self-employed, security guards, high level managers), twenty-five (19 men and 6 women BUT) participants work in women-dominated professions (such as health care, education, services) and one transgender person was unemployed for one year. In only seven cases, the informants are totally open about their sexuality at work, in ten cases – they are open to only “selected” individuals, in the remaining twenty-one cases their identity is kept hidden.
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